![]() ![]() For the next phase of translational research, user acceptability and adherence should receive increased attention during intervention design and study design. Overall, many applied studies exhibited an approach to light schedule interventions still reminiscent of laboratory protocols this is unlikely to maximise acceptability and clinical effectiveness. Few studies assessed baseline light exposure patterns, and few personalised interventions. Based on these findings we suggest recommended reporting items on acceptability and adherence for future investigations. Approaches to management and measurement of adherence were varied, and available light monitoring technology appeared under-exploited, as did mobile technology to prompt or track adherence. Attrition during intervention was low, and reported experiences were largely positive, but measurement and reporting of self-reported experiences, expectations, and adverse effects were poor. Here, we examined evidence regarding adherence and acceptability in studies of light or dark interventions using various delivery devices and protocols to improve sleep in intrinsic circadian rhythm sleep–wake disorders and neuropsychiatric illness. ![]() To best translate laboratory-based mechanistic research into effective treatments, acceptability and barriers to adherence should be understood, but these have not yet been systematically evaluated. Interventions altering light exposure patterns of affected individuals are a promising non-pharmacological treatment option, shown by previous meta-analyses to improve sleep, and often described as minimally invasive. Sleep problems and circadian misalignment affect health and well-being and are highly prevalent in those with co-morbid neuropsychiatric disorders.
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